above. And, too, second and third story rooms likely were much safer than first
story rooms. L
adders could be
pulled
u
p to the roofs. Who knows that these Tewas were not
thinking
of reveng
eful Keres peop
le to the south? In some cases caves were hewn and used independently of the talus houses to the front but certainly it was impossible to stay inside while large fires were burning. The poor cliff dweller would have suffocated. Many attempts were made to ventilate caves by boring smoke holes above the doorways. But it was impossible to ventilate a cave successfully. Not much of a draft was created. Indians attempted to ventilate their cave homes by cutting as many as three h
- oles through the soft clif
- f and then plastering the holes on the ins
- Identify pre-Attack Indicators Associated with a Bombing Incident.
- ide to facilitate the passage of the smoke. They met with little
- success. Fires were kindled inside and when s
- moke filled the room the Indian either had to g
- o outside or into his talus house. I once had
- an experience with fires in caves. Undoubtedly,
- the Indian of long ago experienced the same as I. W
hen a fire was
kindled the smoke circled around and filled the chamber. The vents did not work. Smoke hovered down to the height of the door and went out at that point leaving a definite line of demarcation around the cave wall. The Indian plastered the wall underneath this smoke line so that his house would not be so filthy and so that he could crouch down and lean his shoulders against it without getting soot all over his back. I have seen cave walls exhibiting as many as thirteen thin plaster coats. Never let it be said that caves were popular places in which to live while large fires were burning inside. Perhaps our prehistoric friend knew that if he built a fire inside his cave the walls would warm up. Then hours later, after most
of the smoke ha
d gone out, he could return and be quite comfortable without suffocating. And he, no doubt, would have rolled down a deer skin or matting of corn shucks over the opening to keep out the cold during the winter months. The majority of the caves at Tyuonyi were connected building in the great period with the talus houses to the front. Caves entered from second- story rooms were very popular and likely were used, for the most part, as ante-chambers and not as independent dwellings. They were excellent for storage purposes and if the Indian wanted to live he had to hold food over from one season to t
he next. Covering a period of
a little more
than a hundre
Jurisdictional Support and Coordination Requirements
d years, let us say, the Indians of Frijoles Canyon cut over three hundred cave rooms in the north cliff. Some
Personnel
- were used independently of the houses to the front but most of them were not. Caves were hewn before houses were built, and likely, a great number of the
- m were cut after the talus houses were erected against the cliff. They built just as many houses as caves, if not mo
re. Houses ex
tended as far as four rows of rooms out from the cliff and they were terraced up as high as three stories. On top of them were open porches which we call "rama
das" today. They were m
- ere shelters with four corner poles and a few cross pieces of juniper or pine with brush and leaves over the top. What delight some old cronies might have had basking in the sun during some hot summer afternoon! This was the valley of t
- he cliff dweller, the Ancient Tewa more than likely, who built
- houses and cut caves for almost two mi
- les up and down the north cliff of Frijoles Canyon. Here he could see for great di
stancesÑhe could look up and he could
Will provide each jurisdiction with the following:
- look down. He could he
- ar the water rippling in the Rio below a
- nd he could live in true Indian fashion. But these vil
- lages were not built in a day or a year. It took many years. Although there are the ruins of enough hous
es and caves along the north wall to have housed two thousand primitive Indians, no more than a few hundred ever lived here at one time. There simply wasnt land enough to farm, or game enough to supply food for
a greater number. It would seem that Tyuonyi never had a static occupation
