? Each kiva. Turquoise

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or Squash, had a ruler or cacique whose word was absolute. He was the father of the village to whom villagers looked for guidance and his appointment was for life. The moieties were under the spiritual guidance of the two town chiefs who were responsible for the welfare of

the people. An important office was that of cacique. He had been chosen because of his thorough knowledge of Chants, sacred rituals, ceremonial procedure and p

• rayers. No one doubted the word of the cacique. And all Indians owed duties to their respective kivas. Although the groups. Turquoise and Squash, were in opposition they also depended upon one another for the common good of the pueblo. If the dual system was in vogue at Tyuonyi, there must have been two kivas to support it. A peculiar thing, it seems, took place here. At least one tribal kiva was built and was in use before the Great Period of occupation came along. It was a large structure forty-two fe
• et in diameter. Sixty Indians could have crouched down around the inside against the wall. Indian men, years before, excavated a large concave depression in the side of a hill a hundred yards or so down
• the Canyon from Puwige. Days and days were required to bring in thousands of cobble stones. They labored untiringly. They brought them from the river and they brought chunks from the cliff. Around this deep concave depression which they ha